The properties of operations
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Description
Table 3. The properties of operations. Here a, b and c stand for arbitrary numbers in a given number system. The properties of operations apply to the rational number system, the real number system, and the complex number system.
Associative property of addition | (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) |
Commutative property of addition | a + b = b + a |
Additive identity property of 0 | a + 0 = 0 + a = a |
Existence of additive inverses | For every a there exists –a so that a + (–a) = (–a) + a = 0. |
Associative property of multiplication | (a × b) × c = a × (b × c) |
Commutative property of multiplication | a × b = b × a |
Multiplicative identity property of 1 | a × 1 = 1 × a = a |
Existence of multiplicative inverses | For every a ≠ 0 there exists 1/a so that a × 1/a = 1/a × a = 1. |
Distributive property of multiplication over addition | a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c |
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